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Family planning is about practices that assist couples in achieving specific goals.
The goals include:
- Preventing unwanted pregnancies.
- Ensuring desired pregnancies.
- Managing the spacing between pregnancies.
- Controlling when a baby is born.
- Deciding how many children to have in the family.
DEFINITION OF CONTRACEPTIVE:
A device that helps to stop unwanted pregnancies. Contraceptive methods are ways to help women avoid unwanted pregnancies. These methods can be temporary or permanent. They are designed to prevent pregnancies that result from sexual intercourse.
CLASSIFICATION:
CONTRACEPTIVE :
A.TEMPORARY
[TERMINAL]
SPACING METHOD
1. BARRIER METHOD
B.PERMANENT
1.VASECTOMY
2. TUBECTOMY
1. Physical method
CONDOM
DIAPHRAGM
SPONGES
2. Chemical method
SPERMICIDAL, CREAMS, GEL, JELLY
3.Combined method
2. INTRAUTERINE METHOD
3. HORMONAL METHODS
4. POST CONCEPTIONAL METHOD
5. NATURAL METHOD [6 DIVISIONS]
A. SPACING METHOD:
1. BARRIER METHOD:
a) CONDOMS: The most commonly used device for males. It stops the semen from entering the uterus.
ADVANTAGES:
• Readily available.
• Simple to use.
• No side effects.
• Lightweight and compact.
• Helps prevent sexually transmitted diseases [STD].
DISADVANTAGES:
• Condoms can break during intercourse, which may lead to pregnancy.
b) DIAPHRAGM - FEMALE
This is a shallow cup made of plastic or rubber that is placed deep inside the vagina. It is put in before intercourse and taken out afterward.
ADVANTAGES:
• No risks and no medical issues.
DISADVANTAGES:
• There is a risk of infection if it is left in for too long.
• It could result in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).
• At first, a doctor needs to show how to use the diaphragm.
SPONGE:
A sponge soaked in spermicide is placed inside the vagina. Its effectiveness is lower.
Spermicidal means it kills sperm.
Aerosomal reactions involve a drop of fluid containing millions of sperm.
2. CHEMICAL METHOD:
Spermicidal creams, gels, and pastes are applied to the vagina before having sex.
Consumption refers to taking in.
Vaginitis is the inflammation of the vagina.
DISADVANTAGES:
There is a high failure rate, which means a greater chance of getting pregnant.
It may cause irritation or a burning feeling in the genital area.
3. COMBINED METHOD:
The most effective physical and chemical methods are used together.
For example: Diaphragm + spermicidal creams for females.
Condom + spermicidal creams for males.
2. INTRAUTERINE METHOD:
This device is typically used for a maximum of 2 years.
It is a form of copper-T that lasts the longest.
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
The presence of a foreign substance in the uterus stops fertilization.
ADVANTAGES:
Very effective, with a low failure rate.
It's simple and easy to use.
No hospitalization is required, and it can be reversed.
It's affordable.
Has fewer side effects.
Works effectively for a longer time.
DISADVANTAGES:
A medical expert is needed for insertion.
It may cause irritation and infection if hygiene is poor.
May lead to perforation.
May lead to ectopic pregnancy.
At times, menstrual bleeding can be heavy.
3. HORMONAL METHOD:
EXAMPLES:
Combined oral pills, Mala N, and Mala D are commonly referred to as oral pills.
Both estrogen and progesterone are utilized.
MODE OF ACTION:
It stops the release of the ovum from the ovary.
ADVANTAGES:
100% effective.
DISADVANTAGES:
It could potentially cause breast cancer.
High blood pressure.
Liver issues.
Weight gain.
4. POST-CONCEPTIONAL METHOD:
Abortion is a method that occurs after conception, specifically before 16 weeks of pregnancy.
5. NATURAL METHOD:
BRAHMACHARYA: This involves completely stopping all sexual activities, which requires a lot of willpower and determination.
DISADVANTAGES:
Not everyone can practice Brahmacharya, and suppressing natural urges might lead to mental and emotional issues.
COITUS INTERRUPTUS:
This is a voluntary method of controlling fertility where the sexual act is stopped before ejaculation. The male pulls out before he ejaculates, preventing semen from entering the vagina.
This method requires strong motivation and cooperation from both partners.
DISADVANTAGES:
It can lead to Neurasthenia and anxiety.
Mistakes in timing can cause irregular menstrual cycles.
BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE METHOD:
It is believed that during ovulation, there is an increase in body temperature due to the release of an egg influenced by progesterone.
There should be no sexual activity from the pre-ovulation phase until four days after ovulation.
98.6°F is considered a normal body temperature.
During ovulation, the temperature rises to 99.6°F.
DISADVANTAGES:
There might be a chance of miscalculation.
CERVICAL MUCOUS METHOD:
When ovulation occurs, cervical mucous becomes watery, smooth, and abundant.
After ovulation, the cervical mucous thickens.
For example, there is a decrease in its quantity.
Tissue paper is used to examine the cervical mucous.
BREAST FEEDING METHOD:
This method also serves as a contraceptive. It acts as a natural form of contraception……...
YOGIC PRACTICES:
Vajroli Mudra helps males control ejaculation. Females can also perform it entirely. This is done by voluntarily contracting the vaginal muscles.
B.TERMINAL METHOD:
VASECTOMY:
No sperm is released during ejaculation.
TUBECTOMY:
The ovary does not travel through the fallopian tube to reach the uterus.
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